Rubber band ligation is followed by a lower complication rate when performed in a single ligation.

Constipation seems to be a predictable factor in worsening the outcome of rubber band ligation.

(A formal hemorrhoidectomy was needed within two years in 6 percent.) A significantly lower recurrence rate of 9 percent was noted in those with normal bowel habits, when compared with constipated subjects whose symptoms recurred in 85 percent (P less than. Most birds enrolled in banding studies were economically important species like ducks and geese and almost all band returns came from hunters. Long-term results were good in 71 percent of the patients. When bird banding protocols were established in 1920, we didn’t have 10×42 binoculars, field cameras with zoom lenses, easy-to-deploy 80x scopes, or other tools of the birding trade. Compared with multiple ligation, single rubber band ligation in one sitting was followed by a lower complication rate (P less than. The complication rate decreased significantly (P less than. Rubber band ligation was followed by prolonged bleeding in six patients and severe pain requiring removal of the rubber band in 12 patients. A follow-up of 25 +/- 16 months (mean +/- SD) was carried out in 153 of them. Two thirds of the patients underwent a single rubber band ligation and one third a double rubber band ligation in one session without anesthesia. Rubber band ligation was used in 160 patients with internal hemorrhoids 43 of them also had rectal anterior mucosal prolapse 13 had prolapse alone.

Banding cam